GAMIT/GLOBK Prerequisites
- X11 for Mac OS X 1.0. An implementation of the X Window System that makes it possible to run X11-based applications in Mac OS X. Based on the open source XFree86 project — the most common implementation of X11 — X11 for Mac OS X is compatible, fast, and fully integrated with Mac OS X. It includes the full X11R6.6 technology.
- The -X option to ssh sets up X11 forwarding for ssh connections. That is, it sets up a secure tunnel between the program (like xclock) running on the server and the XQuartz application on your Mac; the program can create windows, buttons, menus, etc.; all the information flows through the ssh tunnel to XQuartz, which renders the windows on your Mac.
Mac X11とは 正式には'X11 for Mac OSX'と呼ばれ、MacのAquaデザインと統一感のある外観を持つApple社製の'X11'のこと。つまり、Mac OSX専用の'X11'で'X11.app'を別途インストールすることで利用できます。(OSX 10.5からは標準で入っているそうです) X11とは'X Window System'の別称なのですが、その'X Windows'とやら. Hm, can you post the config.log file? It looks like you are not using gcc, right? So lets walk through the errors and fix them. The first is, that the X11-environment was not found (therefore it tries to ask for a framebuffer device, missing linux/fb.h). Organizations that use Mac® computers alongside Hyper-V virtual machines have no option other than to take advantage of Parallels Desktop™ for Mac Business Edition. It is the perfect solution as it comes with support for Hyper-V virtualization. May 30, 2013 Download The X11 library for free. X11 windowing system. LibX11 is the main X11 library containing all the client-side code to access the X11 windowing system.
Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard, and Mac OS X 10.7 Lion installed X11.app by default, but from OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion on Apple dropped dedicated support for X11.app, with users being directed to the open source XQuartz project (to which Apple contributes) instead.
A PDF version (68 kB) of this web page is available in A4 or letter paper format and in thedocumentation directory of the GAMIT/GLOBK FTP server.
This information is compiled through experience with first-time users ofGAMIT/GLOBK from workshops and elsewhere. Details are provided for installingGAMIT/GLOBK on Linux, Mac and Windows. Additional information is provided on optional programssuch as GMT (required forany GAMIT/GLOBK scripts that produce plots), Tom Herring's tsview and velview tools andCATS (see here also).
All GAMIT/GLOBK workshop participants must arrive having read through andcompleted the steps shown on this web page before the start of the workshop.
This is particularly important given the time and resource constraints whendownloading very large package files such as Xcode for Mac users, which willproduce unnecessary and unwanted delays.
Download X11 For Mac Os X
GAMIT/GLOBK
Introductory and reference manualsWe provide a Quick Start Guide and anIntroduction to GAMIT/GLOBK as well as more detailedreference manuals for GAMIT and GLOBK. We recommend that all users using the softwareat least read the first two documents before starting with the software andrefer to the latter documents for more advanced information as you gainexperience.
In addition to a basic UNIX- or Linux-based operating system, there are fourfundamental requirements for installing GAMIT/GLOBK on any system:
- a Fortran compiler;
- a C compiler;
- X11 libraries and headers, specifically:
- an X11 library (libX11.a, libX11.so, libX11.dylib, libX11.la or libX11.dll.a); and
- an X11 header file (Xlib.h).
Many systems will have some or all of these installed by default but othersmay not. Below are some details about what to expect from various systems that Ihave experience with.
Mac Install X11
Once you have completed the steps described for your system, below, you maydownload and install GAMIT/GLOBK from the source code provided on the FTPserver. Further information is available on the main GAMIT/GLOBK web page.
LinuxThere are many different types of Linux system and each is slightlydifferent. However, if you are a Linux user, it is likely that you are familiarwith the command line interface, the requirements described above and installingpackages as necessary. So I will restrict myself here simply to note a couple ofspecific points that I am aware of.
It is likely that most Linux systems will have a Fortran and C complilerinstalled by default. However, be sure to check with your system administratoror review instructions from your OS distributor (e.g. compilers on Ubuntu) to ensure that this is the case. You may also need toinstall the 'gcc-multilib' and/or 'gfortran-multilib' packages to ensurecompatibility.
Beware that some systems (e.g. Ubuntu) may also require installation of cshand tcsh for GAMIT/GLOBK scripts to run. These may be installed quickly andeasily through, e.g., the Ubuntu Software Center or
sudo apt install makelibx11-dev csh tcsh
Apple provides many advanced command line tools with Xcode, a package mostlydesigned for developers of software but which also contains a C compiler and theX11 libraries and headers required for GAMIT/GLOBK. One must be registered as an AppleDeveloper in order to log in and download Xcode or the Command Line Toolsonly but the program is free to join and there are no obligations. Note thatthis is different from the regular Apple ID.
Once registered, login, search for Xcode and download the latest version for your system (as ofthe last update of this web page):
- Xcode 11.1.3 or 'Command Line Tools for Xcode 11.1.3' for macOS 10.15 (Catalina);
- Xcode 10.3 or 'Command Line Tools (macOS 10.14) for Xcode 10.3' for macOS 10.14 (Mojave);
- Xcode 10.1 or 'Command Line Tools (macOS 10.13) for Xcode 10.1' for macOS 10.13 (High Sierra);
- Xcode 9.2 or 'Command Line Tools (macOS 10.12) for Xcode 9.2' for macOS 10.12 (Sierra);
- Xcode 8.2 or 'Command Line Tools (macOS 10.11) for Xcode 8.2' for Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan);
- Xcode 7.2 or 'Command Line Tools (OS X 10.10) for Xcode 7.2' for Mac OS X 10.10 (Yosemite);
- Xcode 6.2 or 'Command Line Tools (OS X 10.9) for Xcode - Xcode 6.2' for Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks);
- Xcode 5.1.1 or 'Command Line Tools (OS X Mountain Lion) for Xcode - April 2014' for Mac OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion);
- Xcode 4.6.3 or 'Command Line Tools (OS X Lion) for Xcode - April 2013' for Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion);
- Xcode 3.2.6 for Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard);
- Xcode 3.1.4 for Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard).
From February 2012 and Xcode 4.3, Command Line Tools areavailable as a separate, smaller download also, which significantly reduces thesize of the installation. Note that Xcode, but not the separate Command LineTools sub-package, is available through the App Store for Mac OS X 10.7.3(update of Lion) and later, or macOS.
If using Xcode 4.3.1 or later for Mac OS X 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.10 or 10.11,or macOS 10.12 or 10.13, you must open Xcode (under 'Applications') andadditionally select to install 'Command Line Tools' in 'Preferences'.Alternatively, run
Xcode does not include a Fortran compiler but you can install one using theinformation provided here.
H X11 For Mac Keyboard
As of Xcode 4.4, Apple has also discontinued support of X11. XQuartz may instead be installed forthe required X Windows libraries and headers described above, which will beplaced in /opt/X11/lib and /opt/X11/include, respectively, rather than /usr.However, a link from /usr/X11 to /opt/X11 is created, so all Mac users may keepthe following set in libraries/Makefile.config:
X11LIBPATH /usr/X11/lib
X11INCPATH /usr/X11/include
Recent releases of Windows 10 have the ability to install and run a more'native' command line. Follow the Microsoft Docsinstallation guide to install the 'Windows Subsystem forLinux'. Once complete, ensure installation of required packages, e.g. forDebian-based distributions such as Ubuntu:
sudo apt installgfortran make libx11-dev csh tcsh bc
or for RPM-based distributions such as openSUSE:
sudo zypper installgcc-fortran libX11-devel tcsh ftp hostname
Otherwise I recommend installing a virtual machine (e.g. VirtualBox or VMWare Workstation Player),which then requires the installation of a regular Linux distribution (e.g. Ubuntu) to run via the virtualmachine. One may then install and run GAMIT/GLOBK on this virtual machineoperating system.
Previously I had preferred to use Cygwin,which is a common Linux 'emulator' for Windows, for installing and runningGAMIT/GLOBK. To install Cygwin, download and run setup-x86.exe (32-bit) or setup-x86_64.exe (64-bit) to begininstallation. Generally the defaults shown throughout the installation processare adequate and need not be changed. There are, however, specific packageswhich are required in addition to the default Cygwin packages that areinstalled. These are at least:
Recent releases of Windows 10 have the ability to install and run a more'native' command line. Follow the Microsoft Docsinstallation guide to install the 'Windows Subsystem forLinux'. Once complete, ensure installation of required packages, e.g. forDebian-based distributions such as Ubuntu:
sudo apt installgfortran make libx11-dev csh tcsh bc
or for RPM-based distributions such as openSUSE:
sudo zypper installgcc-fortran libX11-devel tcsh ftp hostname
Otherwise I recommend installing a virtual machine (e.g. VirtualBox or VMWare Workstation Player),which then requires the installation of a regular Linux distribution (e.g. Ubuntu) to run via the virtualmachine. One may then install and run GAMIT/GLOBK on this virtual machineoperating system.
Previously I had preferred to use Cygwin,which is a common Linux 'emulator' for Windows, for installing and runningGAMIT/GLOBK. To install Cygwin, download and run setup-x86.exe (32-bit) or setup-x86_64.exe (64-bit) to begininstallation. Generally the defaults shown throughout the installation processare adequate and need not be changed. There are, however, specific packageswhich are required in addition to the default Cygwin packages that areinstalled. These are at least:
- Devel/gcc-fortran (allowing the required dependencies to be installed will ensure the GCC core packages are also installed, including a C compiler)
- Devel/make
- Math/bc
- Shells/tcsh
- X11/libX11-devel
One may search for the appropriate packages from the Cygwin package search. Search for'libX11.*' and 'Xlib.h' for the X11 libraries and header file, respectively, tofind the appropriate package.
I also highly recommend installing the X11/xinit package and itsdependencies. This will provide an X Windows environment from which one can openand use, for example, Emacs for creating or editing text files. This isimportant given then different end-of-line characters between Windows and othersystems (Unix, Linux and Mac OS X or macOS).
Additional software
There are several additional programs that users may find useful, if notnecessary, to install. The major addition is GMT, which is required for anyGAMIT/GLOBK scripts that produce plots, e.g. sh_plot_pos, sh_plotvel, etc. GMTproduces Postscript graphics which are most readily viewed using, for example,'gs' or 'gv'.
You can install GMT for Debian-based Linux distributions such as Ubuntu fromthe main repository with a command such as:
sudo apt installgmt gmt-dcw gmt-gshhg
or for RPM-based distributions such as openSUSE from a community repository witha command such as:
sudo zypper ar -fhttp://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/beyerle:/IAC/openSUSE_Leap_15.1/home:beyerle:IAC.repo
or:
sudo zypper ar -fhttp://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/beyerle:/IAC/openSUSE_Leap_42.3/home:beyerle:IAC.repo
etc. depending on your distribution, then:
sudo zypper installGMT
Tom Herring has produced GUI-basedprograms for time series (tsview) and velocity (velview) viewing and simplemanipulation.
Virtualization plays a major role in many businesses, though this may not always be immediately apparent to Mac users. Increasingly, the applications they work with will not be running on tangible hardware but rather on virtualized systems. Software developers can also make good use of such virtual machines (VMs).
Download X11 For Mac Os X
Microsoft has long embraced this virtualization technology and offers Microsoft Hyper-V as a virtualization environment for a range of their more recent Windows and Windows Server operating systems, as well as a standalone product. However, Hyper-V’s hosting capabilities aren’t restricted to virtualized operating systems such as additional Windows environments or Linux distributions. IT teams can use Hyper-V to consolidate virtualized hardware—for instance, servers as private clouds. Applications such as Remote Desktop are in part based on Hyper-V as well.
Hyper-V is not for macOS
H X11 For Mac High Sierra
However, macOS® offers no support for Hyper-V and hosted systems that could rely on it. Organizations that use Mac® computers alongside Hyper-V virtual machines have no option other than to take advantage of Parallels Desktop™ for Mac Business Edition. It is the perfect solution as it comes with support for Hyper-V virtualization.
Both administrators and users can activate Hyper-V in Parallels Desktop Business Edition. The corresponding option can be found as a checkbox under “CPU & RAM” labeled as “Enable nested virtualization.” This will allow a Parallels Desktop Business Edition virtual machine to execute its own virtualization, such as Hyper-V. As a result, organizations can make Hyper-V applications available to Mac users as well.
H X11 For Mac High Sierra
Learn more about using Hyper-V in Parallels Desktop Business Edition and download a free trial.
Learn more:
X11 For Mac 10.6
Microsoft Docs | Hyper-V Technology Overview
Microsoft | Supported Linux and FreeBSD virtual machines for Hyper-V on Windows
Download X11 For Mac Os X
Parallels Knowledge Base | Nested Hyper-V support
The XQuartz project is an open-source effort to develop a version of the X.Org X Window System that runs on macOS. Together with supporting libraries and applications, it forms the X11.app that Apple shipped with OS X versions 10.5 through 10.7.
Quick Download
Download | Version | Released | Info |
---|---|---|---|
XQuartz-2.8.1.dmg | 2.8.1 | 2021-04-25 | For macOS 10.9 or later |
XQuartz-2.7.11.dmg | 2.7.11 | 2016-10-29 | For OS X 10.6.3 or later |
X11-2.6.3.dmg | 2.6.3 | 2011-07-20 | For OS X 10.5.x (final Leopard release) |
Important Info for 10.5 Users
OS X Software Updates have included some of the work done by the XQuartz project, but for various reasons, Apple cannot ship the latest and greatest version offered by the XQuartz site. Since the XQuartz X11 package clobbers Apple's X11.app, their software update will clobber the XQuartz X11 package. Because of this, you may experience conflicts after doing a Software Update from Apple. Please re-install the latest XQuartz X11 release for Leopard after installing a system software update to OS X 10.5.x Leopard.
License Info
An XQuartz installation consists of many individual pieces of software which have various licenses. The X.Org software components’ licenses are discussed on theX.Org Foundation Licenses page.The quartz-wm window manager included with the XQuartz distribution uses the Apple Public Source License Version 2.